Thursday, November 20, 2014
Define Artificial Intelligence Technology
hi guys ...What do you mean about artifical intelligence technology?. Definitely the first thought is Robot. yes indeed, when we talk about artificial intelligence technology is synonymous with robotics. as we see in the movie transformer, so powerful robot that can exceed the ability of humans with the intelligence he made.
According to the experts explain an awful lot about the meaning of artificial intelligence technology.
(H. A. Simon [1987])
Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence) is an area of research, applications and instructions related to programming computers to do things that in the view of man is intelligent.
(Rich and Knight [1991]).
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a study of how to make computers do things at this point can be done better by humans
(Encyclopedia Britannica).
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science which represent knowledge in the form of more use symbols rather than numbers, and process the information based on heuristic method or on the basis of a number of rules.
Viewed from the history of artificial intelligence was first coined in the early 17th century when Rene Descartes proposed that bodies of animals are nothing but just complicated machines. Then Blaise Pascal created the first mechanical digital calculating machine in 1642. Later in the 19th century, Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace worked on mechanical calculating machine that can be programmed.
In the 1950s, artificial intelligence technology is growing. The first AI program that works written in 1951 to run the Ferranti Mark I machine at the University of Manchester (UK): a game program script written by Christopher Strachey and a chess game program written by Dietrich Prinz. John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" at the first conference in 1956, in addition to that he also found the Lisp programming language. Alan Turing introduced the "Turing test" as a way to operationalize a test of intelligent behavior. Joseph Weizenbaum builds ELIZA, a chatterbot implementing Rogerian psychotherapy.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Joel Moses demonstrated the power of symbolic reasoning for integration problems in the Macsyma programs, successful knowledge-based program was first in the field of mathematics. Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert published Perceptrons, which demonstrated the limits of simple neural networks and Alain Colmerauer develop computer language Prolog. Ted Shortliffe demonstrated the power of rule-based systems for knowledge representation and inference in medical diagnosis and therapy are believed to be the first expert system. Hans Moravec developed the first computer controlled vehicles to overcome the obstacles that have independently.
Types of Artificial Intelligence
In the development of artificial intelligence can be grouped as follows:
- Expert System (Expert System), a computer as a means of storing knowledge so that computer experts have the expertise to solve the problems by mimicking the expertise of experts.
- Natural Language Processing (Natural Language Processing), a user can communicate with a computer using everyday language, such as English, Indonesian, and so on.
- Speech Recognition (Speech Recognition), humans can communicate with computers using voice.
- Robotics and System Sensor.
- Computer Vision, interpret pictures or objects visible through the computer.
- Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction, the computer can be used as a tutor who can train and teach.
- Game Playing.
- Soft Computing
Soft computing is an innovation in building intelligent systems which are systems that have expertise in a particular domain such as humans, are able to adapt and learn to work better if the environment changes. Soft computing is to exploit tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth to be resolved and controlled with ease to fit reality (Prof. Lotfi A Zadeh, 1992).
Methodologies used in Soft computing is:
- Fuzzy Logic / Fuzzy Logic (accommodate imprecision).
- Artificial Neural Networks / Neurall Network (using learning).
- Probabilistic Reasoning (accommodate uncertainty).
- Genetic Algorithms / Evolutionary Computing (optimization).
Although AI has a strong connotation of science fiction, AI form a very important branch in computer science, dealing with behavior, learning and intelligent adaptation in a machine. Research in AI involves making machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior. Includes example is control, planning and scheduling, the ability to answer diagnostic and customer inquiries, as well as handwriting recognition, voice and face. Things like that have become separate disciplines, which focus on providing solutions to problems in real life. AI systems now commonly used in economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as it has been built in house computer software applications and video games.
'Artificial intelligence' is not just about understanding what the intelligence system, but also construct.
There is no satisfactory definition of 'intelligence':
1. intelligence: the ability to acquire knowledge and use it
2. or intelligence is what is measured by an 'intelligence test'
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